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  • Realist synthesis: an introduction

    This guide, written by Ray Pawson, Trisha Greenhalgh, Gill Harvey and Kieran Walshe for the ESRC Research Methods Programme, provides an introduction to using realist synthesis, with a focus on h
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  • Causal Attribution Video

    This video guide, produced by UNICEF, outlines three broad strategies for causal attribution: 1) estimating the counterfactual; 2) checking the consistency of evidence for the causal relationships made e
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  • UNICEF webinar: Overview: strategies for causal inference

    What is causal attribution? Do you need a counterfactual to determine if something has caused a change? Professor Patricia Rogers provides an overview of how to determine causal attribution in impact evaluations.
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  • Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared Standards (Second Edition)

    This second edition of Rethinking Social Inquiry has the aim of redirecting ongoing discussions of methodology in social and political science.
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  • Contemporary thinking about causation in evaluation

    This paper was produced following a discussion between Thomas Cook and Michael Scriven held at The Evaluation Center and Western Michigan University’s Interdisciplinary PhD in Evaluation program jointly hosted Evaluation Cafe´ event on cont
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  • 2017 International realist conference

    We've got our head in realism this week, partly because early-bird registrations for the 2017 International Realist Conference close soon, and partly because we've been shown Chris Lysy's realist cartoon series (commissioned by the Rameses
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  • Bradford Hill criteria for causal inference

    Based on a presentation at the 2015 ANZEA Conference, this free downloadable book presents the Bradford Hill criteria and discusses some ways of using them in practice to draw causal conclusions.
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  • The environment and disease: Association or causation?

    In this original article from 1965, Sir Austin Bradford Hill, Professor Emeritus of Medical Statistics, lays out what will ultimately come to be known as the Bradford Hill criteria.
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  • Environmental flows monitoring and assessment framework

    This resource from the Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology provides a framework for assessing environmental flow management plans.
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  • Making causal claims

    This brief, authored by John Mayne for the Institutional Learning and Change (ILAC) Initiative argues the need for a different perspective on causality.
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  • The rigor of case-based causal analysis: Busting myths through a demonstration

    This paper focuses on the utilisation of case-based designs for conducting causal analysis and dispelling two misconceptions about their use in the context of evaluation.
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  • Evidence-based policy: A realist perspective

    This book, written by Ray Pawson, provides a critique of the meta-analytic approach and argues that the realist synthesis is a better way of understanding program theory, therefore enabling properly targeted policies to address the constant
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  • Impact evaluation: A guide for commissioners and managers

    This guide, written by Elliot Stern, aims to support managers and commissioners in gaining a deeper and broader understanding of impact evaluation.
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