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  • Fishbone diagram (cause and effect diagram)

    This short guide describes the process of using a fishbone diagram to help uncover and visualise stakeholder perceptions of the root causes of a problem. It is often used in conjunction with the 'Five Whys' technique.
    Resource
  • The Five Whys Technique

    This paper from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) outlines the process of using the Five Whys technique as an effective approach to problem solving.
    Resource
  • Five Whys

    The Five Whys is an easy question asking option that examines the cause-and-effect relationships that underly problems.
    Method
  • Open space

    Open Space Technology (OST) is a group facilitation approach for small and large gatherings in which a central purpose, issue, or task is addressed, but which begins with a purposeful lack of any formal initial agenda.
    Method
  • World cafe

    The world café is a methodology for hosting group dialogue which emphasizes the power of simple conversation in considering relevant questions and themes.
    Method
  • Focus groups

    A focus group is a type of group interview designed to explore peoples attitudes.
    Method
  • Beneficiary assessment: An approach described

    This paper describes the World Bank's approach to the Beneficiary Assessment approach.
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  • Beneficiary feedback in evaluation

    The purpose of this paper, produced by the Department for International Development (DFID), is to analyse current practice of beneficiary feedback in evaluation and to stimulate further thinking and activity in this area.
    Resource